TABLE 1—
Characteristics of Substance–Dependent TANF Women: Essex County, New Jersey, 1999–2002.
| Intensive Case Management (n = 161) | Usual Care (n = 141) | |
| Age, y | 37.00 | 35.48 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | ||
| Black | 95.65 | 95.74 |
| Hispanic | 3.73 | 2.13 |
| Other | .62 | 2.13 |
| Marital Status,* % | ||
| Married/living as married | 6.21 | .71 |
| Separated/widowed/divorced | 19.25 | 18.44 |
| Never married | 74.53 | 80.85 |
| Graduated from high school, % | 47.83 | 48.23 |
| Median income level,a $ | 5000–9999 | 5000–9999 |
| Welfare, yb ±SD | 12.90 (7.98) | 11.28 (7.44) |
| No. of children ±SD | 3.25 (1.82) | 3.16 (1.83) |
| Percentage with a child in each age group, y | ||
| 0–5 | 36.02 | 39.72 |
| 6–11 | 57.76 | 63.12 |
| 12–17 | 59.63 | 56.74 |
| Primary substance use diagnosis, % | ||
| Alcohol | 18.63 | 26.43 |
| Cocaine | 39.13 | 30.71 |
| Heroin | 37.27 | 35.00 |
| Marijuana | 4.97 | 7.86 |
| Drank/used drugs during past month, days (SD) | ||
| Alcohol | 7.77 (10.49) | 10.18 (12.35) |
| Heroin, cocaine | 14.23 (12.93) | 14.41 (13.16) |
| Marijuana, other | 3.40 (8.37) | 4.33 (9.40) |
| Regular heavy drinking/drug use, y (SD)c | ||
| Alcohol | 13.87 (8.46) | 12.44 (8.82) |
| Cocaine | 9.38 (6.23) | 9.24 (5.68) |
| Heroin | 7.40 (6.39) | 8.20 (5.92) |
| Marijuana | 9.77 (7.73) | 8.13 (6.76) |
| Any drug/alcohol | 13.01 (8.01) | 12.98 (7.50) |
| ASAM Initial Level of Care, % | ||
| Outpatient | 71.33 | 65.67 |
| Inpatient | 28.67 | 34.33 |
Note. ASAM = American Society of Addiction Medicine; TANF = Temporary Assistance for Needy Families.
aResponse format was $5000 increments.
bSelf-reported years on welfare since age 18 y.
cRegular use was defined as use at least 3 times per week for a year or longer.
*Conditions differed on marital status at the P < .05 level.