Table 2.

Baseline ECG indices^* and average changes over 3.2 years by treatment arm

	Placebo	Metformin	Lifestyle
Heart rate (bpm)
Baseline	68.8 (68.2–69.4)	68.1 (67.4–68.8)	68.3 (67.7–69.0)
Average change	−2.12 (−2.57 to −1.67)	−1.88 (−2.39 to −1.37)	−4.74 (−5.21 to −4.27)
SDNN (ms)
Baseline	24.9 (23.6–26.1)	24.7 (23.6–25.8)	25.6 (24.4–26.8)
Average change	−1.21 (−2.03 to −0.39)	−0.58 (−1.54 to 0.38)	1.32 (0.30–2.34)
rMSSD (ms)
Baseline	27.5 (25.8–29.2)	27.0 (25.5–28.4)	27.8 (26.3–29.3)
Average change	−0.88 (−1.96 to 0.20)	−0.25 (−1.58 to 1.08)	2.98 (1.71–4.25)
QTc (ms)
Baseline	416 (414.9–417.0)	415.3 (414.2–416.4)	416 (414.8–417.1)
Average change	−1.68 (−2.66 to −0.70)	−3.41 (−4.37 to −2.45)	−4.78 (−5.82 to −3.74)
QTI (%)
Baseline	100.1 (99.9–100.2)	100 (99.8–100.3)	100.1 (99.9–100.4)
Average change	−0.20 (−0.42 to 0.02)	−0.62 (−0.84 to −0.40)	−0.43 (−0.67 to −0.19)

Data are means (95% CI).

^*There were no significant differences between baseline ECG indices across treatment arms.