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Exposure to TNFα before RANKL reduces osteoclastic resorption activity. PBMCs were cultured in M-CSF (light grey bar) or in M-CSF with TNFα (dark grey bar) before adding RANKL after 4 days, and compared with cells treated with M-CSF and TNFα alone (white bar). Osteoclast resorption was reduced when cells were exposed to TNFα before RANKL (*p = 0.08). Mean of six slices in three experiments; error bars are the standard deviation. M, M-CSF 25 ng/ml; T, TNFα 1 ng/ml; R, RANKL 30 ng/ml.
