Increased type 1 response in whole blood from patients with rheumatoid arthritis following anti-TNFα treatment. Whole blood samples were obtained from 12 healthy controls (HC) and from 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at week 0 (w0) and 22 (w22) of infliximab treatment. IFNγ, IL4, T-bet, GATA-3, and ß actin mRNA expression levels were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. *p<0.05, **p<0.01