TABLE 4.

Adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) for Illicit Use of Stimulant Medication, 2003

		Lifetime		Past Year
	N = 8,307	Odds Ratios	95% CI	Odds Ratios	95% CI
Gender
Male	3,568	1.00	reference	1.00	reference
Female	4,739	0.83*	0.70–0.99	0.77*	0.63–0.95
Race
White	5,712	1.00	reference	1.00	reference
African American	508	0.41**	0.23–0.75	0.35**	0.16–0.77
Hispanic	353	0.92	0.62–1.37	1.16	0.75–1.79
Asian	1,018	0.57**	0.41–0.78	0.67*	0.46–0.98
Other	716	0.63**	0.44–0.88	0.69	0.46–1.03
Class year
Freshmen	1,315	1.00	reference	1.00	reference
Sophomore	2,006	1.42**	1.10–1.82	1.90***	1.40–2.58
Junior	2,204	1.28*	1.03–1.58	1.59**	1.23–2.08
Senior	2,749	1.56*	1.09–2.22	2.27***	1.48–3.45
Other	33	1.89	0.55–6.45	1.33	0.18–9.99
Living arrangement
Residence hall	3,720	1.00	reference	1.00	reference
Fraternity/sorority	401	1.75**	1.17–2.60	1.68*	1.08–2.61
House/apartment	3,895	2.63***	2.04–3.37	2.48***	1.84–3.35
Outside city and other	291	1.98**	1.19–3.32	0.92	0.39–2.16
Fraternity/sorority status
Non-member	7,209	1.00	reference	1.00	reference
Member	1,098	2.29***	1.81–2.91	2.80***	2.14– 3.66
Annual family income
Less than $50,000	1,021	1.00	reference	1.00	reference
$50,000 – $99,999	1,998	0.85	0.63–1.16	1.02	0.70–1.49
$100,000 – $149,999	1,668	0.91	0.67–1.25	0.94	0.64–1.40
$150,000 – $249,999	1,047	0.91	0.65–1.28	0.98	0.64–1.49
More than $250,000	756	1.24	0.88–1.74	1.36	0.90–2.05
Don’t know or refused	1,817	0.69*	0.50–0.96	0.67	0.45–1.01
Religious affiliation
Catholic	2,224	1.00	reference	1.00	reference
Jewish	756	2.02***	1.54–2.66	1.98***	1.45–2.72
Presbyterian	342	0.74	0.44–1.24	0.62	0.33–1.20
Episcopal	158	1.01	0.53–1.90	0.91	0.43–1.95
Protestant	722	0.86	0.59–1.25	0.79	0.50–1.24
Christian reformed	146	1.64	0.89–3.01	1.00	0.42–2.33
Baptist	236	0.40	0.15–1.13	0.60	0.21–1.70
Interdenominational	528	0.74	0.46–1.20	0.52	0.26–1.01
Muslim	134	0.43	0.13–1.40	0.41	0.10–1.70
None	1,971	1.69***	1.34–2.14	1.45**	1.10–1.92
Other	940	1.47*	1.08–2.00	1.23	0.84–1.79
Refused	150	1.59	0.83–3.05	1.58	0.74–3.37
Cumulative GPA
3.5 or higher	2,824	1.00	reference	1.00	reference
3.0 to 3.4	3,175	1.39**	1.13–1.71	1.62***	1.25–2.10
2.5 to 2.9	1,553	1.63***	1.28–2.09	1.90***	1.40–2.57
Below 2.5	755	1.75**	1.29–2.38	1.96**	1.35–2.86
Initiated prescribed use
Never prescribed	8,048	1.00	reference	1.00	reference
Elementary initiation	65	1.11	0.48–2.72	1.72	0.72–4.11
Secondary initiation	99	4.25***	2.68–6.73	3.14***	1.82–5.42
College initiation	95	7.72***	4.98–11.97	7.51***	4.75–11.89

Note: Sample sizes are based on lifetime model.

^*p < 0.05.

^**p < 0.01.

^***p < 0.001.