Figure 8.

Al-triggered intracellular calcium elevation in yeast. A to D, Flow cytometric analysis of Al-challenged Ca²⁺ levels in control cells incubated in liquid medium for 6 h treated with 6 mm Al (+Al) or no (−Al) together with 10 mm CaCl₂ (+Ca) or no (−Ca). Exogenous Ca did not affect endogenous Ca²⁺ signals. A, Control without Al and exogenous Ca treatments. B, Control without Al treatment but supplemented with Ca. C, Al treatment unsupplemented with exogenous Ca. D, Al treatment supplemented with exogenous Ca. E and F, Dynamics of Al-triggered Ca²⁺ signals. Al and exogenous Ca concentrations are the same as in A to D. E, Exogenous Ca application after Al treatments. F, Al treatments after exogenous Ca application. G to J, Effects of the empty vector (G), Ced-9 (H), Bcl-2 (I), and PpBI-1 (J) on endogenous Ca²⁺ signals upon Al stress. Ced-9, Bcl-2, and PpBI-1 significantly blocked Al-elicited Ca²⁺ signals compared to the control.