Table 1. Selection differential (S) and selection intensity (i) on standardized heterozygosity and trait differences between wolves recruited (r) and not recruited (nr) to the breeding population.
| Cohort | N | NR | Selection differential (S) | Selection intensity (i) | Trait difference (r-nr) | SE trait diff |
| 1991 | 4 | 2 | 0.081 | 0.600 | 0.162 | 0.153 |
| 1992 | 3 | 0 | – | – | – | – |
| 1993 | 2 | 2 | 0 | – | – | – |
| 1994 | 4 | 4 | 0 | – | – | – |
| 1995 | 1 | 1 | 0 | – | – | – |
| 1996 | 5 | 4 | 0.014 | 0.124 | 0.072 | 0.163 |
| 1997 | 9 | 6 | 0.027 | 0.260 | 0.082 | 0.078 |
| 1998 | 11 | 5 | 0.032 | 0.228 | 0.058 | 0.091 |
| 1999 | 11 | 1 | 0.039 | 0.359 | 0.042 | 0.124 |
| 2000 | 19 | 1 | −0.033 | −0.339 | −0.034 | 0.104 |
| 2001 | 15 | 6 | 0.034 | 0.295 | 0.057 | 0.064 |
| Average | 0.020 | 0.218 | 0.005 | 0.004 | ||
| Overall cohorts | 0.070 | 0.491 | 0.112 | 0.030 |
NR is the number of breeding individuals in the cohort of N individuals.