Figure 2.

Activation of NF-κB and Ap-1 in podocytes exposed to Stx-2. Top: Electrophoretic mobility shift assay for NF-κB (A) and Ap-1 (B) was performed in nuclear extracts of podocytes exposed for 30 minutes to medium alone or Stx-2 (50 pmol/L, 1 nmol/L). To confirm the specificity of the binding reaction, a 100-fold molar excess of unlabeled (cold) nucleotide was used to compete with the labeled NF-κB or AP-1 probes for binding to nuclear proteins. The results are representative of three independent experiments using different nuclear extracts. Bottom: Densitometric analysis of autoradiographic signals of NF-κB (A) and AP-1 (B). Results are means ± SEM. *P < 0.05 versus control.