Table 2.

Regulatory methods for the analysis of dioxins, furans and DLPCBs

Method	Analytes/Comments	Reference
USEPA 1613	Seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted dioxins and furans and congener group totals in water and wastewater. Uses isotope dilution–GC–HRMS	[38]
USEPA 1668a	209 PCB congeners. 12 WHO dioxin-like PCBs by GC–HRMS, the remaining 197 by GC–MS	[39]
USEPA 23	Seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted dioxins and furans and congener group totals in incinerator stack gasses. Uses isotope dilution–GC–HRMS	[45]
USEPA 8290 (SW-846)	Seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted dioxins and furans and congener group totals in materials and waste. Uses isotope dilution–GC–HRMS	[46]
ISO 18073	Equivalent to USEPA 1613, also allows GC–MS as an alternate detection method	[47]
ISO 17858	Twelve WHO dioxin-like PCBs in environmental matrices by GC–HRMS	[48]
EN 1948	Seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted dioxins and furans and congener group totals in stationary sources by isotope dilution–GC–HRMS	[49]
MOE 3418	Seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted dioxins and furans including congener group totals and 12 WHO dioxin-like PCBs by GC–HRMS. Uses isotope dilution–GC–HRMS	[50]
ENVCAN 1/RM/19	Seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted dioxins and furans and congener group totals in pulp and paper effluents by isotope dilution–GC–HRMS	[51]
JIS K0312	Seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted dioxins and furans including congener group totals in wastewater by isotope dilution–GC–HRMS	[52]
JIS K0311	Seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted dioxins and furans including congener group totals in incinerator stack gasses by isotope dilution–GC–HRMS	[53]