Fig. 3.

Nondominated solutions found for test problem DTLZ6 (23) with NSGA-II and AMALGAM after 100,000 and 5,000 function evaluations, respectively. (A) The dark line marks the true Pareto-optimal front. Although classical multiobjective methods have difficulty finding solutions on the Pareto front, the AMALGAM method perfectly converges to the true solution set in far fewer function evaluations. (B) Self-adaptive offspring creation by varying the relative importance of the individual algorithms during the optimization is the breakthrough that enables this improvement.