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. 2001 Dec;86(Suppl 2):ii23–ii29. doi: 10.1136/heart.86.suppl_2.ii23

Transoesophageal echocardiography during interventional cardiac catheterisation in congenital heart disease

M Rigby
PMCID: PMC1766548  PMID: 11709531

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Figure 1  .

Figure 1  

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(Left) Short axis section of the atria, showing an oval fossa defect suitable for transcatheter closure. (Right) Four chamber section from the same patient, revealing an adequate rim of septum between the defect and the atrioventricular valves. A, left atrium; RA, right atrium; arrow, atrial septal defect; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle; S, septum.

Figure 2  .

Figure 2  

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Four chamber section from an oval fossa atrial septal defect, in which there is a deficiency of infolding with an incomplete postero-superior rim. The arrow identifies the defect. LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle.

Figure 3  .

Figure 3  

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Transoesophageal echocardiogram in the vertical plane from a patient with a sinus venosus atrial septal defect, in which the superior caval vein (SCV) and right upper pulmonary vein (PV) override the atrial septum which divides the left atrium (LA) from right atrium (RA).

Figure 4  .

Figure 4  

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Transoesophageal echocardiogram in which an oval fossa atrial septal defect is indicated by an arrow. LA, left atrium, RA, right atrium.

Figure 5  .

Figure 5  

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Transoesophageal echocardiogram identifying a catheter passing through a moderately large oval fossa atrial septal defect. LA, left atrium, RA, right atrium; SCV, superior caval vein.

Figure 6  .

Figure 6  

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Transoesophageal echocardiogram recorded during balloon sizing of an oval fossa atrial septal defect. LA, left atrium, RA, right atrium.

Figure 7  .

Figure 7  

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Transoesophageal echocardiogram recorded during deployment of a closure device illustrating the left atrial disc opened in the left atrium (arrow). LA, left atrium, RA, right atrium.

Figure 8  .

Figure 8  

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Transoesophageal echocardiogram recorded during device closure of an atrial septal defect with an Amplatzer occluder, showing left atrial and right atrial discs opened in their respective atria. AO, aortic root; LA, left atrium, RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle.

Figure 9  .

Figure 9  

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Transoesophageal echocardiogram recorded during closure of an oval fossa defect with a Cardioseal device (arrow). LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle.

Figure 10  .

Figure 10  

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Transoesophageal echocardiogram recorded during closure of an oval fossa atrial septal defect with an Angel Wings device. LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium.

Figure 11  .

Figure 11  

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Transoesophageal horizontal section of a large muscular ventricular septal defect, whose borders are identified by the arrows. LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle.

Figure 12  .

Figure 12  

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(Left) Transoesophageal echocardiogram recorded during device closure of a perimembranous ventricular septal defect, in which the sheath can be seen crossing the defect from right ventricle (RV) to left ventricle (LV). (Right) Horizontal plane transoesophageal echocardiogram recorded during device closure of a perimembranous ventricular septal defect, in which the left ventricular disc (arrow) can be seen to open within the left ventricle. LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium.

Figure 13  .

Figure 13  

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Horizontal transoesophageal echocardiogram following device closure of a perimembranous ventricular septal defect. An arrow identifies the position of the closure device within the ventricular septal defect.

Figure 14  .

Figure 14  

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Transgastric short axis echocardiographic section following transcatheter closure of a muscular ventricular septal defect, showing the closure device within the muscular defect. The right ventricular disc is well seen within the right ventricle (RV), although the left ventricular disc within the left ventricle (LV) is imaged less well.

Figure 15  .

Figure 15  

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Transoesophageal echocardiogram recorded immediately following device closure of an ischaemic muscular ventricular septal defect in a patient presenting with cardiogenic shock. An arrow identifies the Amplatzer closure device. LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle.

Figure 16  .

Figure 16  

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Transoesophageal echocardiograms immediately following transcatheter closure of a fenestrated lateral tunnel (tube) in a patient who had undergone a previous total caval pulmonary connection. The closure device (D, arrow) is seen in (a) horizontal and (b) vertical sections. LA, left atrium.

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

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