Figure 1 .

Three mechanisms of anti-inflammatory T cell induction by hsp. APL regulation: microbial hsp reactive T cells perceive self hsp homologues as partial agonists or APLs and develop a regulatory phenotype. Mucosal tolerance: hsp reactive T cells recognise microbial hsp in the tolerising GALT and display a tolerising activity when confronted with self hsp expressed elsewhere in the body. Anergy: non-professional or non-activated antigen presenting cells present constitutively self hsp in the absence of costimulation. The resulting self hsp specific "anergic" T cell can exert regulatory activity after the encounter with professional or activated APC presenting upregulated self hsp. Self hsp in lighter grey tone. Microbial hsp in darker grey tone.