Figure 4.

Training effects in brain responses to rapid auditory stimuli. Subjects 1 (Left) and 2 (Right) showed a training effect in the left frontal cortex, with greater activation for rapid than for slow stimuli after training. Regions that show a significant interaction of training (before and after) and stimulus (rapid and slow) are shown (P < 0.025) overlaid on the individuals' normalized anatomy. Spatial extent and location of all activity are shown below for both subjects. Behavioral improvement: Rapid auditory processing improvement for Subjects 1 and 2 were 82 and 164 ms, respectively; Subject 3's (not shown) improvement was only 31 ms. Auditory language comprehension improvement for Subjects 1 and 2 were 25 and 29 points respectively; Subject 3's improvement was only 8 points. All subjects improved on written language comprehension (gains of 15, 21, and 18 points, respectively) and more modestly on word reading (gains of 5, 7, and 6 points, respectively).