Table 3.

Factors determining exercise capacity

▸ Central factors: resting ventricular function, chronotropic response, stroke volume response

▸ Peripheral factors: skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle vascular function, endothelial function, autocrine/paracrine factors

▸ Pulmonary function and pulmonary response to exercise

▸ Neurohormonal systems including sympathetic nervous system, other vasodilator and vasoconstrictor systems