Table 1.
Alterations in left ventricular pressure and derivatives and the outer left ventricular diastolic diameter during acute increase in left ventricular outflow resistance, administration of 15 μg dobutamine, 200 μg thiopental given intravenously, and 2000 ml saline given intravenously, and withdrawal of 2 l of blood within 10 (3) minutes from the left atrium
| LVEDP (mm Hg) | LVP max (mm Hg) | + dP/dtmax (mm Hg/s) | −dP/dtmax (mm Hg/s) | LVEEDD (% v control) | |
| Aortic occlusion | 8 (3) → 14 (6)** | 111 (18) → 150 (24)** | 1753 (399) → 1769 (276) | 1420 (380) → 1796 (322)** | 2.8 (3.1)** |
| Dobutamine | 13 (5) → 13 (9) | 119 (21) → 166 (33)** | 1710 (407) → 3155 (1016)** | 1517 (324) → 2226 (732)** | −1.9 (2.7) |
| Thiopental | 11 (5) → 9 (2) | 128 (34) → 86 (36)* | 1973 (572) → 1207 (609)* | 1640 (196) → 822 (156)* | 0.7 (1.9) |
| Volume load | 9 (3) → 118 (8)** | 102 (15) → 120 (21)** | 1450 (351) → 1735 (402)* | 1225 (345) → 1413 (378)* | 4.7 (7.2)* |
| Bleeding | |||||
| Start | 10 (4) | 120 (23) | 1810 (440) | 1459 (437) | (100% = 51 mm) |
| 20% | 6 (3)** | 106 (25)** | 1492 (423)** | 1198 (411)** | −3.9 (4.5)** |
| 40% | 4 (2)** | 86 (19)** | 1257 (418)** | 887 (286)** | −6.4 (3.5)** |
| 60% | 3 (2)** | 73 (24)** | 1080 (343)** | 790 (343)** | −10.9 (5.2)** |
| 80% | 3 (3)** | 56 (24)** | 796 (391)** | 592 (267)** | −13.5 (6.3)** |
| End | 2 (2)** | 47 (25)** | 735 (448)** | 473 (275)** | −15.3 (7.2)** |
Values are mean (SD), n = 7. Indication of 20% to 80% means that 20–80% of 2 l blood had been withdrawn. LVEDP, left ventricular end diastolic pressure; LVEEDD, left ventricular epicardial end diastolic diameter; LVP, left ventricular pressure; *p<0.05; **p<0.01.