Table 3.

GRACE (global registry of acute coronary events) risk score: independent predictors of death among patients presenting with the spectrum of ACS based on widely available clinical and biological markers

Age (a continuous variable) Killip class (heart failure) Arterial blood pressure ST deviation on ECG Cardiac arrest Increased creatinine concentration Increased CK-MB or troponin concentration Heart rate

Each characteristic is included in the nomogram (or PDA programme) and a numerical risk of death (or death/MI) is provided.

C index for death 0.84 (Granger et al,⁶www.outcomes.org/grace).

CK, creatine kinase.