Table 3 .

Main histological stains used for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis

Tissue stain	Detected microorganism
Acridine orange	Any bacterium
Giemsa	Any bacterium
Tissue Gram
Brown-Hoops	Gram positive bacteria
Brown-Brenn	Gram negative bacteria
Periodic acid-Schiff	Tropheryma whippelii, fungi
Warthin-Starry	Bartonella species
Ziehl-Nielsen	Acid-fast bacilli
Gimenez	Coxiella burnetti, Legionella species
Kinyoun, Mchiavello	Chlamydia species
Gomori-Grocott	Fungi

Reproduced from Houpikian et al¹¹ with permission.