Table 1.
Changes in systemic arterial haemodynamic variables, aortic stenosis (AS) haemodynamic variables, and LV function in the 14 pigs of group A during induction of severe supravalvar AS and systemic hypertension (SH). In this group, SH was induced by aortic banding
| Normal | Severe AS | Severe AS + mild SH | Severe AS + severe SH | |
| Systemic arterial haemodynamic variables | ||||
| Systolic aortic pressure (mm Hg) | 92 (18) | 91 (14) | 103 (17)† | 146 (24)*† |
| Diastolic aortic pressure (mm Hg) | 61 (17) | 57 (9) | 58 (10) | 84 (13)*† |
| Pulse pressure (mm Hg) | 31 (6) | 33 (9) | 45 (10)*† | 62 (19)*† |
| Systemic arterial resistance (dyn.s/cm5) | 1705 (638) | 1615 (537) | 1837 (488) | 2759 (1159)*† |
| Systemic arterial compliance (ml/mm Hg) | 1.34 (0.37) | 1.29 (0.40) | 0.86 (0.21)*† | 0.67 (0.24)*† |
| Effective arterial elastance (mm Hg/ml) | 2.02 (0.57) | 2.07 (0.53) | 2.34 (0.67) | 3.54 (1.10)*† |
| Catheter derived AS haemodynamic variables | ||||
| Catheter EOA (cm2) | 2.16 (0.92) | 0.59 (0.20)* | 0.70 (0.31)* | 0.72 (0.31)* |
| Catheter maximum gradient (mm Hg) | 2 (1) | 49 (19)* | 40 (17)* | 29 (20)*† |
| Catheter mean gradient (mm Hg) | 1 (1) | 30 (14)* | 24 (12)* | 17 (13)*† |
| Catheter peak to peak gradient (mm Hg) | 0 (1) | 36 (19)* | 24 (15)*† | 10 (11)*† |
| Doppler derived AS haemodynamic variables | ||||
| Doppler EOA (cm2) | 1.74 (0.42) | 0.43 (0.13)* | 0.44 (0.14)* | 0.57 (0.14)*† |
| Aortic diameter (mm) | 17.9 (2.6) | 16.5 (1.5) | 17.7 (1.9) | 19.5 (2.0)† |
| Energy loss coefficient (cm2) | 2.20 (0.55) | 0.58 (0.21)* | 0.67 (0.28)* | 0.71 (0.26)* |
| Doppler maximum gradient (mm Hg) | 6 (2) | 61 (27)* | 54 (21)* | 37 (15)*† |
| Doppler mean gradient (mm Hg) | 3 (1) | 40 (18)* | 35 (15)* | 23 (11)*† |
| LV systolic function | ||||
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 88 (13) | 87 (11) | 87 (13) | 90 (15) |
| Stroke volume (ml/s) | 43 (12) | 42 (10) | 42 (12) | 40 (11) |
| Cardiac output (l/min) | 3.86 (1.19) | 3.54 (0.75) | 3.57 (0.80) | 3.38 (0.91) |
| Mean systolic flow rate (ml/s) | 150 (39) | 129 (29)* | 132 (31) | 120 (33)* |
| Peak systolic LV wall stress (kdyn/cm2) | 140 (41) | 191 (52)* | 216 (53)* | 278 (74)*† |
*Significant difference v normal stage; †significant difference between severe stenosis + SH stages and the severe stenosis stage.
EOA, effective orifice area; LV, left ventricular.