Table 1.

Non-drug lipid lowering trials in subjects with coronary heart disease: trials with clinical CHD end points

		Lipid lowering (% change)
	Treatments (duration)	Chol	Trig	HDL	Reduction in CHD end point
Medical Research Council (1969)w1	Soya bean (4 years)	−14			↓18% CHD
Diet and Reinfarction Trial (DART)  (1989)w2	Low fat, fish, low fibre (2 years)	−4		0	No effect on CHD; ↓29% all cause mortality (fish diet group)
Program on the Surgical Control of  the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH)  (1990)w3	Partial ileal bypass surgery
	(5 years)	−28			↓35% CHD
	(10 years)	−22	+5	+5
Cardioprotective diet study (1992)w4	Low fat + (high fruit, vegetables, nuts grains) v low fat (1 year)	−13			↓70% angina
Lyon Diet Heart Study	Mediterranean α-linolenic acid-rich diet v usual post-infarct prude diet	−5	−14		↓73% MI; ↓70% CV mortality
(1994)w5	(27 months)	↓ saturated fat, chol, PUFA (ω-6)			↓65% fatal/non-fatal MI
(1999)w6	(46 months)	↑ polyunsaturated fat (ω-3, ω-9)

Baseline mean cholesterol 5.8–7.1 mmol//l.

CHD, coronary heart disease; Chol, cholesterol; CV, cardiovascular, HDL, high density lipoprotein; MI, myocardial infarction; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; Trig, triglyceride