Lamina propria counts of (A, B) B/plasma cells, (C, D) IgA producing cells, and (E) IgG producing cells in colonic biopsies of patients with pseudomembranous colitis who subsequently either relapsed or had no recurrence of the disease (non-relapsers). Colonic biopsies were obtained from mucosa with overlying pseudomembrane (and containing “volcano” lesion in the section (A) and (C)) and from mucosa adjacent to pseudomembrane ((B), (D), and (E)). There were significant differences in cell counts in all the comparisons ((A–D), p < 0.01; (E), p < 0.05). Cell counts in the one patient who relapsed twice are also shown (**).