Figure 1.

 Schematic representation of signalling pathways induced by hypoxia leading to apoptosis. The involvement of HIF-1α is depicted in these pathways. The solid lines indicate a direct interaction, the dashed line an indirect interaction. Apaf-1, apoptotic protease activating factor-1; BNIP3, BCL-2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3; HIF-1, hypoxia inducible factor 1; IAP-2, inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2; JNK, c-Jun NH₂ terminal kinase; SAPK, stress activated protein kinase.