Table 1.

 Association of HIF-1α expression with clinicopathological features in patients with invasive breast cancer (n = 200)

		n	HIF-1α <1%	HIF-1α >1%	p Value (χ2)
Total		200	112	88
Histological type
Ductal		144	76	68
Lobular		30	22	8
Tubular		11	9	2
Papillary		2	1	1
Mucinous		4	1	3
Medullary		4	0	4
Apocrine		2	0	2
Cribriform		3	3	0	NA*
Histological grade
I		61	46	15
II		78	48	30
III		61	18	43	<0.001
Tumour size
0–2 cm		97	61	36
2–5 cm		89	42	47
>5 cm		14	9	5	0.080
Lymph node status
Negative		115	69	46
Positive		72	35	37	0.127
Necrosis
Negative		162	101	61
Positive		38	11	27	<0.001
CA IX
Negative		175	108	67
Positive		25	4	21	<0.001
GLUT-1
Negative		143	97	46
Positive		57	15	42	<0.001

*Lobular breast carcinomas showed significantly less frequent HIF-1α expression than ductal cancers (p = 0.03).

CA IX, carbonic anhydrase IX; GLUT-1, glucose transporter 1; HIF-1α, hypoxia inducible factor 1α; NA, not associated.