Table 1.

 Prosthetic cardiovascular devices

Cardiac	Vascular
(1) Prosthetic heart valves	(1) Synthetic grafts
Bioprosthesis	Dacron
Mechanical prosthesis	PTFE
Bentall grafts (conduit with prosthesis)
(2) Annuloplasty rings	(2) Tissue patches (pericardial)
(3) Synthetic sutures	(3) Synthetic patches
For bypass grafts
For artificial chordae tendineae	(4) Vascular stents
(4) Pacemaker leads	(5) Endovascular devices
(5) Defibrillator leads
(6) Tissue patches
(7) Ventricular assist devices (rare)
(8) Artificial hearts (rare)