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Effect estimates (odds ratio) for spina bifida-affected pregnancies associated with maternal choline intake during the periconceptional period, California 1989–1991. OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.
| Total choline intake (mg/day) | Cases | Controls | OR | 95% CI |
| 103 | 338 | |||
| Quartile Measure | ||||
| ≤ 289.93 | 34 | 85 | Reference | |
| 289.93–372.01 | 22 | 84 | 0.66 | 0.35–1.21 |
| 372.02–513.24 | 27 | 85 | 0.79 | 0.44–1.43 |
| > 513.24 | 20 | 84 | 0.60 | 0.32–1.12 |
