Table 3.

Population based studies on dry eye alone

Reference	Name of study	Site of study	Sample size	Age (years)	Prevalence rate (%)	Mode of diagnosis of dry eye
Caffery3 1994	CANDEES*	Canada	13 517	All ages	28.7	Questionnaire
Bandeen-Roche9 1997	SEE Study**	Maryland, USA	2520	65–84	15	Six item questionnaire (one or more of six dry eye symptoms often or all the time)
					20	Six item questionnaire (three or more of six dry eye symptoms sometimes, often or all the time)
Schein6 1997	SEE Study**	Maryland, USA	2420	65–84	14.6	Six item questionnaire (one or more of six dry eye symptoms often or all the time)
					2.2	Plus Schirmer’s test
					2.0	Plus rose bengal
McCarty7 1997	MVIP†	Melbourne, Australia	926	40–97	10.8	Rose bengal
					16.3	Schirmer’s test
					8.6	Tear break up time
					1.5	Fluorescein staining
					7.4	Two or more signs
					5.5	Severe symptoms not attributed to hay fever
Shimmura4 1999		Tokyo, Japan	598	Mean age = 35.2	33	Self administered questionnaire
Moss5 2000	BDES‡	Wisconsin, USA	3722	48–91	14.4	Questionnaire
Riau Eye Study 2001		Riau, Indonesia	1058	21+	27.5	Six item questionnaire (one or more of six dry eye symptoms often or all the time)

*Canadian Dry Eye Epidemiology Study.

**Salisbury Eye Evaluation Study.

†Melbourne Visual Impairment Project.

‡Beaver Dam Eye Study.