Table 4.

 Mean costs per patient by treatment group (€)

	Monofocal IOL (n = 75)	Multifocal IOL (n = 68)	Incremental costs
Direct hospital costs
Mono/multifocal IOL	158.82†	249.58†	90.76
Direct patient costs (mean, SD)
Reading glasses	29.91 (78.45)	32.17 (64.01)	2.26
Bifocal glasses	67.47 (133.22)	64.02 (147.07)	−3.45
Multifocal glasses	128.19 (230.79)	46.40 (140.21)	−81.79*
Distance glasses	16.11 (51.99)	5.17 (24.61)	−10.94
Non-refractive glasses	0.00 (0.00)	1.82 (5.76)	1.82**
Subtotal direct patients costs (95% CI)	241.67 (219.91)	149.58 (185.01)	−92.09*** (−159.06 to −25.12)
Total costs per patient (95% CI)	400.49 (219.91)	399.16 (185.01)	−1.33 (−68.30 to 65.34)

*Mann-Whitney U test: U = −2.406, p = 0.016.

**Mann-Whitney U test: U = −2.838, p = 0.005.

***Mann-Whitney U test: U = −2.670, p = 0.008.

†Standard deviation not applicable.

95% CI, 95% confidence interval.