Table 4.
Effect size estimates for all pairwise comparisons between arms
| Effect size (scale units) | 95% CI | p Value | ||
| (A) For scaled trial outcomes (ie, differences between arms at 12 months) | ||||
| VCM1†: | ||||
| ELVR v CLVR | 0.06 | −0.17 to 0.30 | 0.60 | |
| ELVR v CELVR | 0.12 | −0.11 to 0.34 | 0.31 | |
| CELVR v CLVR | −0.05 | −0.29 to 0.18 | 0.64 | |
| SF-36†: | ||||
| PCS | ELVR v CLVR | −6.05 | −10.2 to −1.91 | 0.004 |
| ELVR v CELVR | −3.78 | −7.75 to 0.19 | 0.06 | |
| CELVR v CLVR | −2.27 | −6.29 to 1.76 | 0.27 | |
| MCS | ELVR v CLVR | −4.04 | −7.44 to −0.65 | 0.02 |
| ELVR v CELVR | −2.56 | −5.73 to 0.61 | 0.11 | |
| CELVR v CLVR | −1.48 | −4.69 to 1.73 | 0.36 | |
| NAS†: | ||||
| Locus of control | ELVR v CLVR | −0.42 | −1.68 to 0.83 | 0.51 |
| ELVR v CELVR | −0.44 | −1.63 to 0.76 | 0.47 | |
| CELVR v CLVR | 0.02 | −1.21 to 1.25 | 0.98 | |
| Acceptance | ELVR v CLVR | −0.36 | −3.04 to 2.32 | 0.79 |
| ELVR v CELVR | −0.73 | −3.29 to 1.84 | 0.58 | |
| CELVR v CLVR | 0.36 | −2.24 to 2.97 | 0.78 | |
| Attitude | ELVR v CLVR | 0.22 | −1.34 to 1.77 | 0.79 |
| ELVR v CELVR | 0.03 | −1.52 to 1.45 | 0.97 | |
| CELVR v CLVR | 0.25 | −1.27 to 1.77 | 0.75 | |
| Self efficacy | ELVR v CLVR | −0.44 | −2.88 to 2.00 | 0.72 |
| ELVR v CELVR | −0.88 | −3.21 to 1.44 | 0.46 | |
| CELVR v CLVR | 0.44 | −1.91 to 2.79 | 0.71 | |
| Self rated restriction score†: | ||||
| ELVR v CLVR | 0.04 | −0.02 to 0.11 | 0.17 | |
| ELVR v CELVR | 0.04 | −0.02 to 0.10 | 0.15 | |
| CELVR v CLVR | −0.00 | −0.06 to 0.06 | 0.99 | |
| (B) For binary trial outcomes (ie, odds ratios for 12 months data) | ||||
| †Analysis was adjusted for baseline outcome score; participants with data missing at baseline were excluded from the analysis. | ||||
| ‡All 194 participants who completed the trial were included in the analysis of “using at least one LVA”; analyses of “using a LVA daily” and “for > 5 minutes” were restricted to the 95% of participants using at least one LVA at 12 months. | ||||
| Measured task performance: | ||||
| Read at least one “Use by date” | ELVR v CLVR | 0.83 | 0.40 to 1.75 | 0.63 |
| ELVR v ELVR | 0.48 | 0.23 to 1.02 | 0.06 | |
| CELVR v LVR | 1.73 | 0.80 to 3.76 | 0.17 | |
| Read medicine name (±dose) | ELVR v CLVR | 0.72 | 0.35 to 1.46 | 0.36 |
| ELVR v CELVR | 0.55 | 0.28 o 1.10 | 0.09 | |
| CELVR v LVR | 1.29 | 0.64 to 2.62 | 0.48 | |
| LVA use‡: | ||||
| Using at least one LVA | ELVR v CLVR | 0.51 | 0.12 to 2.13 | 0.36 |
| ELVR v ELVR | 0.43 | 0.10 to 1.81 | 0.25 | |
| CELVR v LVR | 1.18 | 0.23 to 6.05 | 0.85 | |
| Using a LVA daily | ELVR v CLVR | 1.18 | 0.54 to 2.59 | 0.67 |
| ELVR v ELVR | 1.03 | 0.48 to 2.21 | 0.94 | |
| CELVR v LVR | 1.15 | 0.54 to 2.48 | 0.72 | |
| Using a LVA for >5 minutes on average | ELVR v CLVR | 1.22 | 0.57 to 2.60 | 0.60 |
| ELVR v ELVR | 1.77 | 0.83 to 3.78 | 0.14 | |
| CELVR v LVR | 0.69 | 0.32 to 1.52 | 0.36 | |