Figure 2.

Ability of Pk11195 to facilitate the response of cholangiocarcinoma cells to DNA damaging therapies. Cells were stained with the mitochondrial probe prior to analysis by flow cytometry. The number of cells undergoing mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT/apoptosis) is expressed as a fraction (0 to 1 where 1=100%) of the total number of cells analysed. (A, B) Apoptosis in Tfk-1 and Egi-1 cells, respectively, following a five minute (5′) exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation alone or with addition of Pk11195. (C) Effect of 10 μM Vp16 induced MPT in Tfk-1 cells over 96 hours. In the presence of Pk11195 the response of Tfk-1 to Vp16 was enhanced over time. (D) Effect of 500 cGy and 1000 cGy x ray irradiation on Tfk-1 cells with or without the enhancing effects of Pk11195.