Table 3.

Release of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) by inflamed ileal mucosa from Crohn’s disease patients in coculture experiments with either viable or heat killed bacteria

	TNF-α (pg/ml)
Blank	107 (28.9)
L casei
Viable	8 (3.6)*
Heat killed	60 (9.6)†
L bulgaricus
Viable	30 (9.3)*
Heat killed	50 (18.6)

*p<0.05 versus blank; †p<0.05 versus viable bacteria.

Data are mean (SEM) of 4–6 organ culture experiments per point.