(A) Analysis of methylation of E-cadherin in gastric mucosae from patients with dyspepsia. Samples N3–N6 are methylated, and samples N1, N2, and N7 are unmethylated. Methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was performed with the first primer set, resulting in a methylated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product of 116 bp and an unmethylated PCR product of 97 bp. (B) Analysis of methylation of E-cadherin in gastric mucosae from patients with dyspepsia, as shown in (A), but with MSP performed with the second primer set. Samples N3–N6 are methylated, and samples N1, N2, and N7 are unmethylated. (C) Analysis of methylation of E-cadherin in intestinal metaplasia (IM), gastric adenocarcinomas (T), and metastatic lymph nodes (LN) from patients with gastric cancer. Samples IM2, T1, T2, LN1, and LN2 are methylated, and sample IM1 is unmethylated. MSP was performed with the first primer set.