Table 1.
Vanishing bile duct disorders
| Putative mechanisms | |
| Developmental-genetic | • Extrahepatic bile duct atresia |
| • Cystic fibrosis | |
| • Alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency | |
| • Progressive familiar intrahepatic cholestasis (types 1, 2, 3) | |
| Neoplastic | • Histiocytosis X |
| • Hodgkin’s disease | |
| Immunological | • Primary biliary cirrhosis |
| • Primary sclerosing cholangitis | |
| • Chronic graft versus host disease | |
| • Sarcoidosis | |
| • Hepatic allograft rejection | |
| • Autoimmune cholangitis | |
| Infectious | • Ascending cholangitis (bacterial) |
| • Cytomgegalovirus | |
| • Hepatitis C virus | |
| • Cryptosporidia | |
| • Retrovirus type 3 | |
| Toxic | • Paraquat |
| • Chlorpromazine | |
| • Floxuridine after intra-arterial infusion | |
| • Formaldehyde/20% hypertonic saline, injected into hyatid cyst | |
| • Amoxicillin | |
| Ischaemic | • Intra-arterial infusions or embolisations |
| • Hepatic allograft rejection | |
| Unclassified | • Idiopathic adulthood ductopenia |