Table 4.

Factors affecting patient discomfort during intubation and during the examination in 480 patients attending for routine diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, as assessed by linear regression analyses with backward elimination of variables

	Regression coefficient (95% CI)	Beta	p Value
Discomfort during intubation
Unsedated endoscopy	2.39 (1.89–2.88)	0.40	<0.001
Age*	−0.03 (−0.05 to −0.02)	−0.17	<0.001
Female sex	0.64 (0.14–1.14)	0.11	0.01
Anxiety about examination	0.09 (0.01–0.18)	0.10	0.03
Constant	3.20 (2.20–4.20)		<0.001
Discomfort during examination
Unsedated endoscopy	2.50 (2.04–2.95)	0.45	<0.001
Age*	−0.02 (−0.04 to −0.01)	−0.16	<0.001
Female sex	0.65 (0.20–1.09)	0.12	0.005
Constant	2.57 (1.71–3.42)		<0.001

CI, confidence intervals; Beta, standardised regression coefficient.

*Entered as a continuous variable.