Table 10.
Molecular methods for Helicobacter pylori testing of clarithromycin resistance
| Based on amplification of 23S rRNA gene |
| - Sequencing |
| - RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism)131,132 |
| - OLA (oligonucleotide ligation assay)133 |
| - DEIA (DNA enzyme immunoassay)134,135 |
| - PHFA (preferential homoduplex formation assay)136 |
| - INNO-LiPA (line probe assay)137 |
| - Mismatch PCR138 |
| - DG-DGGE (double gradient-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis)139 |
| - FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer)140–144 |
| Based on hybridisation |
| - FISH assay (fluorescence in situ hybridisation assay)145 |