Table 3.

 Normal oesophageal manometric features. Adapted from Spechler and Castell³²

Basal LOS pressure	10–45 mm Hg (mid respiratory pressure measured by station pull through technique)
LOS relaxation with swallow	Complete (to a level <8 mm Hg above gastric pressure)
Wave progression	Peristalsis progressing from UOS through LOS at a rate of 2–8 cm/s
Distal wave amplitude	30–180 mm Hg (average of 10 swallows at two recording sites positioned 3 and 8 cm above the LOS)

LOS, lower oesophageal sphincter; UOS, upper oesophageal sphincter.