Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to quintiles of energy adjusted carbohydrate intake in 44 525 US men in 1986: the Health Professionals Follow up Study
| Characteristic | Quintiles of carbohydrate intake | ||||
| 1 (lowest) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 (highest) | |
| Participants (n) | 8869 | 8883 | 8940 | 8947 | 8886 |
| Quintile mean intake (g/day) | 176.6 | 213.0 | 234.2 | 255.8 | 295.2 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.4 (5.1) | 25.2 (5.1) | 24.9 (4.8) | 24.5 (4.8) | 24.2 (4.6) |
| Physical activity (METs)* | 16.5 (20.7) | 18.4 (23.6) | 20.1 (24.8) | 21.1 (26.6) | 24.6 (28.9) |
| Total energy (kcal/day) | 1962 (631) | 2025 (611) | 2031 (621) | 1992 (607) | 1943 (617) |
| Protein (g/day) | 99.4 (19.0) | 95.3 (15.0) | 92.6 (14.2) | 89.5 (13.9) | 83.6 (14.9) |
| Alcohol (g/day) | 22.8 (22.0) | 13.6 (15.3) | 9.7 (11.7) | 7.0 (9.2) | 4.6 (7.2) |
| Caffeine (mg/day) | 311 (284) | 266 (253) | 243 (244) | 218 (236) | 175 (220) |
| Cholesterol (mg/day) | 373 (133) | 331 (96) | 305 (87) | 276 (75) | 221 (75) |
| Saturated fat (g/day) | 28.8 (6.4) | 26.8 (5.1) | 25.0 (4.5) | 22.9 (4.3) | 18.5 (4.8) |
| Polyunsaturated fat (g/day) | 14.4 (4.3) | 13.9 (3.3) | 13.5 (3.0) | 12.8 (2.8) | 11.4 (3.0) |
| Monounsaturated fat (g/day) | 32.0 (6.1) | 29.7 (4.6) | 27.8 (4.1) | 25.6 (3.9) | 20.9 (4.6) |
| Trans fat (g/day) | 3.0 (1.1) | 3.1 (1.1) | 3.0 (1.1) | 2.8 (1.1) | 2.2 (1.1) |
| Dietary fibre (g/day) | 16.1 (4.4) | 18.8 (4.6) | 20.5 (5.0) | 22.3 (5.7) | 27.0 (9.2) |
| Current smoker (%) | 16.3 | 11.3 | 8.1 | 6.5 | 4.4 |
Values are mean (SD).
*METs, metabolic equivalent tasks per week, defined as a multiple of metabolic equivalent of sitting at rest.