Table 6.

 Adjusted relative risks* of symptomatic gall stone disease, stratified by potential confounders, according to quintiles of carbohydrate intake

Variables	No of cases	Quintiles of carbohydrate intake
		1 (lowest)	2	3	4	5 (highest)	p for trend
Alcohol intake†
High	796	1.00	1.20 (0.97, 1.48)	1.43 (1.13, 1.80)	1.69 (1.31, 2.19)	1.65 (1.19, 2.28)	0.004
Low	1014	1.00	1.28 (0.97, 1.70)	1.54 (1.17, 2.04)	1.29 (0.96, 1.75)	1.70 (1.21, 2.37)	0.03
Caffeine intake†
High	830	1.00	1.24 (0.99, 1.56)	1.36 (1.06, 1.75)	1.16 (0.87, 1.56)	1.45 (1.02, 2.05)	0.18
Low	980	1.00	1.11 (0.87, 1.42)	1.43 (1.10, 1.85)	1.47 (1.11, 1.96)	1.70 (1.22, 2.37)	0.003
Physical activity† (METs‡)
High	765	1.00	1.09 (0.83, 1.42)	1.26 (0.95, 1.68)	1.18 (0.86, 1.62)	1.27 (0.88, 1.84)	0.25
Low	1037	1.00	1.26 (1.02, 1.56)	1.51 (1.19, 1.90)	1.45 (1.11, 1.89)	1.86 (1.36, 2.54)	0.003
Body mass index (kg/m2)
⩾25	1110	1.00	1.20 (0.98, 1.47)	1.41 (1.12, 1.76)	1.38 (1.07, 1.78)	1.66 (1.22, 2.25)	0.01
<25	656	1.00	1.18 (0.87, 1.60)	1.40 (1.02, 1.92)	1.22 (0.86, 1.73)	1.36 (0.91, 2.02)	0.20
Age (y)†
⩾52	1301	1.00	1.19 (0.97, 1.46)	1.47 (1.19, 1.83)	1.44 (1.13, 1.83)	1.64 (1.24, 2.18)	0.002
<52	509	1.00	1.19 (0.88, 1.60)	1.30 (0.94, 1.81)	1.21 (0.83, 1.77)	1.65 (1.05, 2.59)	0.18
Weight change within past 2 y
>4 lb	318	1.00	1.15 (0.78, 1.71)	1.72 (1.14, 2.61)	1.39 (0.86, 2.24)	1.61 (0.91, 2.86)	0.02
⩽4 lb	1041	1.00	1.22 (0.98, 1.52)	1.19 (0.93, 1.52)	1.27 (0.97, 1.66)	1.57 (1.15, 2.15)	0.04
Current smoking
Yes	1013	1.00	1.23 (1.00, 1.52)	1.49 (1.18, 1.88)	1.38 (1.06, 1.80)	1.65 (1.20, 2.26)	0.02
No	797	1.00	1.10 (0.84, 1.46)	1.29 (0.96, 1.72)	1.27 (0.92, 1.74)	1.49 (1.04, 2.16)	0.04

*The multivariate model included the same covariates as in model 3 in tables 2 ▶, 3 ▶. The variable used for stratification was excluded from the model.

†Median values were used as cut off points.

‡ METs, metabolic equivalent tasks per week, defined as a multiple of metabolic equivalent of sitting at rest.