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Synergistic interaction between CpG DNA and muramyl dipeptide (MDP). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from n = 7 NOD2 wild-type healthy control individuals were stimulated with M362 CpG DNA 10 μg/ml and MDP 1–100 ng/ml. Tumour necrosis factor α (TNF) was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results are shown uncorrected (A) or to make obvious synergy (B) corrected by subtraction of media/MDP baseline responses. **p<0.01, ANOVA post hoc testing.
