Table 4.

 Real time polymerase chain reaction primers used to quantitate mRNA/rRNA levels in rectal biopsies

Gene target	Primer pair 5′ to 3′
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)	GGAAGGTGAAGGTCGGAGTC
	CTCAGCCTTGACGGTGCCATG
Human beta defensin 1 (hBD1)	CTCTGTCAGCTCAGCCTC
	CTTGCAGCACTTGGCCTTCCC
Human beta defensin 2 (hBD2)	CCAGCCATCAGCCATGAGGGT
	GGAGCCCTTTCTGAATCCGCA
Human beta defensin 3 (hBD3)	CGGCCACGCGTCGAGCACTTG
	CTCCTTTGGAAGGCAGCTGAG
Human beta defensin 4 (hBD4)	GTGGAGCCATATGTCATC
	CTGAATCCGCATCAGCC
Interleukin 1α (IL-1α)	ATGGCCAAAGTTCCAGACATGTTT
	TTGGTCTTCATCTTGGGCAGTCAC
Tumour necrosis factor 1α (TNF-α)	TCTCGAACCCCGAGTGACAA
	TATCTCTCAGCTCCACGCCA
Interleukin 10 (IL-10)	TCAGGGTGGCGACTCTAT
	GTCCGGGGTGCATTATCTCTACAGT
Bifidobacterial genus specific	AGGGTTCGATTCTGGCTCAG
	CATCCGGCATTACCACCC