Figure 5.—

The effect of relaxing the assumption of perfect vertical transmission. Simulation results are given with varying rates of imperfect transmission. The plots show simulation estimates for relative fixation rates of alleles, depending on the transmission rate of the male-killing bacteria α. Three different allele classes have been assumed in these simulations: a beneficial semidominant allele with s = 0.01 and h = 0.5 (open squares), a neutral allele (solid circles), and a deleterious recessive allele with s = −0.001 and h = 0 (shaded triangles). Each datum represents an average of simulations. Solid lines show the analytical predictions based on perfect transmission. Other parameters take the values N = 1000 and ; the fitness compensation parameter b was varied according to transmission rate to keep equilibrium male-killer frequency constant.