Figure 4.

Phylogeny for Prodoxidae and three outgroup families; shown is one of 10 MP trees, with neighbor-joining and maximum-likelihood trees having identical topology. Numbers are bootstrap values based on 100 iterations. Moth families are given on right; names for unnamed taxa within the yuccasella complex are those given in ref. 11 and are based on host yucca and state (all of which are described in ref. 25). The terms early and late cheaters reflect use in ref. 11 and refer to the host phenological stage attacked. Asterisks identify taxa that were excluded in age estimations caused by significant rate deviations in two-cluster tests. Arrows indicate latest origin of four named traits to be explored.