Table 3.
comparison of diagnosis and psychopathology variables for prisoners with a drug abuse/dependence (N = 278) or an alcohol abuse/dependence (N = 174)
| Total | Drug abuse and dependence (last 12 months)- | Alcohol abuse and dependence (last 12 months) | ||||||
| N = 998 | Yes (278) | No (720) | Yes (174) | No(824) | ||||
| %(N) | % | % | Odd ratio [IC95%]1 | % | % | Odd ratio [IC95%]1 | ||
| DSMIV diagnosis | ||||||||
| Mood disorder (LT) | 55.6(555) | 67.6 | 51.0 | 71.2 | 52.1 | |||
| Mood disorder(Ct) | 45.6(455) | 54.3 | 42.2 | 61.4 | 42.0 | 2.0(1.4–3.0)† | ||
| Anxiety disorder(LT) | 10.5(105) | 13.3 | 9.4 | 14.6 | 9.5 | |||
| Anxiety disorder(C) | 54.5(544) | 61.5 | 51.8 | 58.7 | 53.5 | |||
| Psychotic disorder (LT) | 24.7(247) | 25.2 | 24.6 | 24.4 | 24.8 | |||
| Psychotic disorder (C) | 22.7(227) | 22.3 | 22.9 | 22.8 | 22.7 | |||
| Antisocial personality | 31.5(315) | 54.3 | 22.8 | 55.4 | 26.1 | 2.3(1.5–3.4)‡ | ||
| Alcohol abuse and dependence (12 m) | 18.4(184) | 39.9 | 10.1 | 3.9(2.5–5.9)‡ | - | - | - | |
| Drug abuse and dependence (12 m) | 27.8(278) | - | - | - | 60.3 | 20.5 | 3.5(2.3–5.3)‡ | |
| Psychiatric history | ||||||||
| Suicidal risk | 40.5(404) | 46.7 | 38.0 | 50.0 | 38.3 | |||
| History of suicide attempt | 28.7(287) | 34.2 | 26.7 | 39.7 | 26.3 | |||
| Psychiatric hospitalisation | 16.2(162) | 22.3 | 13.9 | 27.2 | 13.7 | |||
| Psychiatric ambulatory care | 36.7(366) | 49.3 | 31.1 | 53.3 | 32.9 | |||
| Temperament and character Inventory | ||||||||
| Novelty seeking low | 39.7(396) | 24.4 | 45.6 | 1 | 21.7 | 43.7 | ||
| moderate | 22.4(224) | 20.1 | 23.3 | 1.3(1.0–1.6)* | 22.8 | 22.4 | ||
| high | 37.9(378) | 55.5 | 31.1 | 1.6(1.3–2.0)* | 55.5 | 33.9 | ||
| Harm avoidance low | 44.5(444) | 47.1 | 43.5 | 41.3 | 45.2 | |||
| moderate | 25.1(251) | 19.1 | 27.5 | 22.3 | 25.8 | |||
| high | 30.4(303) | 33.8 | 29.0 | 36.4 | 29.0 | |||
| Reward dependence low | 25.4(254) | 27.3 | 24.7 | 26.6 | 25.2 | 1 | ||
| moderate | 31.7(316) | 25.2 | 34.2 | 34.3 | 31.1 | 0.7(0.6–0.9)* | ||
| high | 42.9(428) | 47.5 | 41.1 | 39.1 | 43.7 | 0.6(0.2–0.8)* | ||
| Low persistence | 20.0(200) | 27.0 | 17.3 | 29.3 | 17.9 | |||
| Low cooperativeness | 18.0(180) | 25.5 | 15.1 | 25.5 | 16.3 | |||
| Low self-directedness | 29.8(298) | 47.8 | 22.9 | 2.1(1.4–3.1)† | 44.6 | 26.5 | ||
| Low self-transcendence | 37.6(375) | 51.1 | 32.4 | 47.3 | 35.4 | |||
LT : lifetime C: current
1 The odd ratio presented were obtained after a logistic regression using a stepwise selection process (α = 0.05), adjusted on DSM IV psychiatric disorders, psychiatric history, temperaments, socio-demographic status, childhood history and imprisonment characteristics.
*p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 †p < 0.001 ‡p < 0.0001