Table 1.
Injury Characteristics of Severe Closed-Head Injury Participants
| Participant | Injury type | Time since injury (years) | Coma (days) | PTA (days) | Brain injuries and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score from medical records |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bike accident | 12 | 11 | 28 | Large right temporal lobe hematoma; midline shift; left retromastoid skull fracture. GCS = 7. |
| 2 | MVA | 7 | 2 | 10 | Small right occipital horn hemorrhage. GCS = 7. |
| 3 | MVA | 4 | 28 | 42 | Diffuse axonal injury; bilateral frontotemporal contusions; diffuse swelling; small ventricles; midline shift. GCS = 4. |
| 4 | MVA | 3 | 30 | 42 | Large left temporal lobe contusion; small right frontal and parietal contusions; parenchymal hemorrhages; right occipital and frontal fractures. GCS = 3. |
| 5 | MVA | 21 | 18 | 90 | Diffuse swelling; right subfrontal hemorrhage; skull fracture. GCS = 4. |
| 6 | Fall | 4 | 5 | 24 | Diffuse swelling; hemorrhagic contusions of left temporal, parietal, and frontal regions, subarachnoid hemorrhages; right temporal bone fracture. GCS = 8. |
| 7 | MVA | 2 | 42 | 90 | Diffuse axonal injury; hemorrhagic foci in cortical gray matter junction in left parietal and right frontal regions; hemorrhagic foci in mid pons; blood in right lateral ventricle. GCS = 4. |
| 8 | MVA | 5 | 21 | 42 | Diffuse axonal injury; brain hemorrhage. |
| 9 | MVA | 1 | 1 | 30 | CT unremarkable. |
| 10 | MVA | 12 | 11 | 21 | Diffuse axonal injury; left frontal hemorrhage; midline shift. |
| 11 | Fall | 8 | 16 | 20 | Diffuse cerebral swelling; subarachnoid hemorrhage in frontal area; right frontal and temporal contusions. GCS = 4. |
| 12 | MVA | 1 | 21 | 390 | Hemorrhage at gray-white interface of right anterior frontal lobe; blood in interpendicular fossa and tips of occipital horn of left lateral ventricle; extensive scalp lacerations. GCS = 4. |
| 13 | Fall | 1 | 2 | 7 | Skull fracture in region of frontal sinus; soft tissue contusion overlying right frontal bone. |
| 14 | MVA | 2 | 21 | 365 | Diffuse axonal injury; right occipital subarachnoid hemorrhage; left parietal subdural hemorrhage; midline shift. GCS = 6. |
| 15 | MVA | 3 | 8 | 10 | Diffuse axonal injury; diffuse frontal contusion. GCS = 8. |
| 16 | MVA | 20 | 35 | 120 | No medical records available. |
| 17 | MVA | 22 | 5 | 30 | No medical records available. |
| 18 | MVA | 5 | 48 | 260 | Diffuse axonal injury; diffuse swelling; hemorrhagic foci and cortical contusions in frontal and temporal regions bilaterally. GCS = 3. |
Note. Coma duration and posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) duration are based on self-report. Recent brain scan information was not available; descriptions of brain injuries were based on computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging scan results at the time of hospital admission. Therefore, these descriptions may not be an accurate reflection of the areas of the brain that suffered sustained damage. MVA = motor vehicle accident.