Table 4.

Referenced Multivariate Epidemiology Studies Examining Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors and Cancer Incidence/Mortality for Colorectal Cancer

Study	Nilsen and Vatten, 200126	Hou et al, 200616
Results (relative risk ratio 95% CI)	Physical activity frequency: M 0.69 (0.50, 0.95)* F 1.12 (0.83, 1.52); Physical activity index: M 0.54 (0.37, 0.79)* F 0.81 (0.54, 1.23); Physical activity (metastatic cancer risk) M 0.33 (0.16, 0.67)*, F 0.77 (0.43, 1.38); History of DM: M 0.66 (0.35, 1.24) F 1.55 (1.04, 2.31); Blood glucose (≥8.0 mmol/L versus <8.0 mmol/L): M 0.90 (0.58, 1.40) F 1.98 (1.31, 2.98)	BMI Q5 (>22.8 kg/m2) versus Q1 (<19.2 kg/m2): M 1.7 (1.1, 2.4)* BMI Q5 (>23 kg/m2) versus Q1 (<19.0 kg/m2): Pre BMI Q5 (>23.6 kg/m2) versus Q1 (<19.0 kg/m2): F 2.9 (1.7, 8.6)*; Post BMI Q5 (>23.6 kg/m2) versus Q1 (<19.0 kg/m2): F 0.6 (0.3, 0.9)*; (Pre + Post) F 1.4 (1.0, 2.1)
Size and type	Norwegian men n = 36,975; Norwegian women n = 38,244; population-based cohort study	Chinese men n = 462 cases, n = 851 controls; Chinese women n = 469 cases, n = 701 controls; population-based case control study
Covariates	BMI; physical activity; diabetes; blood glucose; marital status; education	Age; monthly income; marital status; total energy intake; intake of red meat, carotene, and fiber; parity and years of menstruation (women only)
Inclusion	No history of cancer at baseline	Cases: histologically confirmed colorectal carcinoma in situ; controls: no history of colorectal carcinoma in situ or inflammatory bowel disease
Exclusion
Nonsignificant studies	BMI and the following variables for metastatic cancer: frequency of physical activity, physical activity index, history of diabetes, and blood glucose

Results refer to cancer risk unless otherwise stated. Pre, premenopausal; Post, postmenopausal; Peri, perimenopausal. 

^*P < 0.01. 

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