Table 2. Pulmonary characteristics of neonates with RDS who failed ENCPAP treatment (ECF) and matched infants who were intubated in the DR (DRI).

Pulmonary clinical course parameters	ECF n = 25	DRI n = 50	Univariate analysis (P)
Surfactant, n doses	1.0±0.5	1.6±0.8	<0.0005
HFOV rescue, n (%)	3 (12)	15 (30)	NS
Total period of mechanical ventilation, days	3.9±5.6	7.0±9	NS
Pneumothorax, n (%)	1 (4)	3 (6)	NS
Dexamethasone, n (%)	1 (4)	7 (15)	NS

ENCPAP = early nasal continuous positive pressure; RDS = respiratory distress syndrome; HFOV = high frequency oscillation ventilation.