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. 2007 Feb;97(2):317–322. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.052837

TABLE 3—

Percentage of Early Otitis Media (OM) in Infants, by Maternal and Infant Sociodemographic Characteristics and Risk Variables: Little Ears Study, Minnesota, 1997–2003

No. of Infants (% With Early OM) P
Maternal characteristics/beliefs
Education .99
    More than high school 62 (63)
    High school or less 143 (63)
Employment status .93
    Work, school, or both 93 (62)
    Neither 112 (63)
Marital status .72
    Married/living with partner 127 (62)
    Other 78 (64)
Age at delivery, y .71
    <19 35 (60)
    ≥19 180 (63)
Alcohol use in early pregnancy .38
    Yes 110 (65)
    No 93 (60)
OM nothing to worry about .01
    True 10 (40)
    False/don’t know 195 (65)
OM gets better by itself .01
    True 11 (41)
    False/don’t know 194 (65)
I can take steps to prevent OM .54
    Disagree/don’t know 21 (68)
    Agree 184 (62)
Infant characteristics
Gender .56
    Male 104 (61)
    Female 96 (64)
Breast-feeding at 2 weeks .81
    No 123 (62)
    Yes 77(63)
Regular exposure to children .07
    Exposure to more than 2 children 117 (67)
    Exposure to 0–2 children 83 (57)
OM preceded by upper respiratory infection .02
    Yes 108 (69)
    No 107 (57)
Mother smokes .50
    Yes 103 (61)
    No 97 (64)
Any smoker in household .69
    Yes 160 (62)
    No 40 (65)
Maternal OM history .04
    Yes 66 (69)
    No 104 (56)
Paternal OM history .06
    Yes 26 (81)
    No 88 (59)
    Don’t know 72 (61)
Full or half sibling OM history .14
    Yes 82 (69)
    No 37 (60)
    Don’t know 15 (52)
Study visit compliance <.001
    2 or more visits 167 (70)
    Less than 2 visits 48 (45)