Effect of an inhibitor for NF-κB activation, BAY11-7082, on NF-κB binding activity and ΙκB-α degradation in INT-407 cells infected with V. vulnificus. INT-407 cells were pretreated with BAY11-7082 (5–30 µm) for 1 hr, followed by infection with V. vulnificus. The nuclear extracts from each treatment were prepared and subjected to the EMSA for evaluation of NF-κB DNA binding activity (a). The cell lysates were prepared and analysed by Western blot analysis using anti-ΙκΒ-α (b), anti-p38 (c), and anti-β-actin antibody as a control.