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. 2004 Mar;111(3):282–290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01814.x

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Cytokine release induced by naked plasmid DNA (pDNA) or other DNAs from primary cultured macrophages (Mφs). Resident Mφs (a) or elicited Mφs (b) were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Escherichia coli (E. coli) DNA, pDNA, or calf thymus DNA for 8 or 24 hr. The amount of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (white bars) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (black bars) released from the Mφs was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Each result represents the mean and standard deviation (n = 3).