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. 2004 Mar;111(3):282–290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01814.x

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release induced by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) or non-CpG ODN from resident macrophages (Mφs) (a) or plasmid DNA (pDNA) from RAW264.7 cells (b). (a) Resident Mφs were incubated with 10 µm CpG ODN or non-CpG ODN, in the presence or absence of inhibitors, at 37° for 8 hr. (b) RAW264.7 cells were incubated with 10 µg/ml CpG pDNA, in the presence or absence of inhibitors, at 37° for 2 hr. Each result represents the mean and standard deviation (n = 3). Differences in the cytokine levels of the samples treated with CpG ODN only and CpG ODN + inhibitors (bafilomycin A, cytochalasin B, chloroquine and monensin) were analysed statistically by using the Student's t-test. **P < 0·01.