Table 1.
Toll-like receptors and their ligands
| Toll-like receptor | Identified ligands |
|---|---|
| TLR-1/TLR-2 | Tri-acyl lipopeptides (bacterial, mycoplasmal), soluble factors |
| TLR-2 | Peptidoglycan, lipopeptide, zymosan, glycosylphosphoinositols, glycolipids, LTA, LAM, porins, atypical LPS, HSP70 (host) |
| TLR-3 | ds RNA (viral) |
| TLR-4 | LPS, Taxol (plant), fusion and envelope proteins (viral), HSP60 (bacterial), multiple host proteins |
| TLR-5 | Flagellin |
| TLR-6/TLR-2 | Di-acyl lipopeptide (mycoplasma) |
| TLR-7 | Synthetic ligands: Imidazoquinoline, Loxoribine, Bropirimine |
| TLR-8 | ssRNA,73 |
| TLR-9 | Unmethylated CpG DNA |
| TLR-10 | ? |
| TLR-11 | Uropathogenic bacteria |