Table 2.
Examples of native substrates and inhibitors for different classes of mast cell proteinases*
| Enzyme type | Examples of native substrates | Reference | Known native inhibitors/inactivators | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tryptase | VIP | 151 | SLPI | 159 |
| (e.g. human tryptase-bII) | HMW kininogen | 152,153 | Aprotinin | 39,160 |
| Pre-kallikrein (activation) | 154 | Lactoferrin | 161 | |
| Fibrinogen | 155 | Myeloperoxidase | 162 | |
| Fibronectin | 156 | |||
| PAR-2 (activation) | 157 | |||
| MMP-3 (activation) | 158 | |||
| α-chymase | Angiotensin-I | 51 | α2-macroglobulin | 166 |
| (e.g. human chymase) | (conversion to angiotensin-II) | α1-proteinase inhibitor | 167 | |
| Pro-collagen-1 (activation) | 163 | α1antichymotrypsin | 167 | |
| VIP | 151 | SLPI | 168 | |
| Substance P | 151 | |||
| MMP-1 (activation) | 164 | |||
| MMP-9 (activation) | 165 | |||
| β-chymase | MMP-3 activation | 169 | α1-proteinase inhibitor | 170 |
| (e.g. rat MCP-1) | SLPI | 171 | ||
| “Janus-faced’ dual-specific | Fibrinogen | 172 | α2-macroglobulin | 172 |
| mast cell proteinase | α1-proteinase inhibitor | 172 | ||
| (e.g. sheep MCP-1) | SLPI | 171 |
*
Note that these examples do not necessarily apply to all members of each proteinase class: see text for details.
HMW, high molecular weight; MCP-1, mast cell proteinase-1; MMP-3, matrix metalloproteinase-3; PAR-2, proteinase-activated receptor-2; SLPI, secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor; VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide.